saphris

Important safety information

Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis : Increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack). ( 5.2 ) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Manage with immediate discontinuation and close monitoring. ( 5.3 ) Tardive Dyskinesia : Discontinue if clinically appropriate. ( 5.4 ) Metabolic Changes : Monitor for hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. ( 5.5 ) Orthostatic Hypotension: Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope. ( 5.7 ) Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis : Perform complete blood counts (CBC) in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of leukopenia or neutropenia. Consider discontinuing SAPHRIS if a clinically significant decline in WBC occurs in absence of other causative factors. ( 5.9 ) QT Prolongation: Increases in QT interval; avoid use with drugs that also increase the QT interval and in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval. ( 5.10 ) Seizures: Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold. ( 5.12 ) Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment: Use caution when operating machinery. ( 5.13 ) 5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. SAPHRIS is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [ see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ] . 5.2 Cerebrovascular Adverse Events, Including Stroke, In Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis In placebo-controlled trials in elderly subjects with dementia, patients randomized to risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine had a higher incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack, including fatal stroke. SAPHRIS is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . 5.3 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with administration of antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, delirium, and autonomic instability. Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure. If NMS is suspected, immediately discontinue SAPHRIS and provide intensive symptomatic treatment and monitoring. 5.4 Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, including SAPHRIS. The risk appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, but it is not possible to predict which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown. The risk of tardive dyskinesia and the likelihood that it will become irreversible increase with the duration of treatment and the cumulative dose. The syndrome can develop after a relatively brief treatment period, even at low doses. It may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. There is no known treatment for tardive dyskinesia, although the syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is discontinued. Antipsychotic treatment itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome, possibly masking the underlying process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of tardive dyskinesia is unknown. Given these considerations, SAPHRIS should be prescribed in a manner most likely to reduce the risk of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients: 1) who suffer from a chronic illness that is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs; and 2) for whom alternative, effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, use the lowest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. Periodically reassess the need for continued treatment. If signs and symptoms of TD appear in a patient on SAPHRIS, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment with SAPHRIS despite the presence of the syndrome. 5.5 Metabolic Changes Atypical antipsychotic drugs, including SAPHRIS, have caused metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and body weight gain. Although all of the drugs in the class to date have been shown to produce some metabolic changes, each drug has its own specific risk profile. Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus Hyperglycemia, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, has been reported in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. There have been reports of hyperglycemia in patients treated with SAPHRIS. Assess fasting plasma glucose before or soon after initiation of antipsychotic medication, and monitor periodically during long-term treatment. Adult Patients: Pooled data from the short-term placebo-controlled schizophrenia and bipolar mania trials are presented in Table 1 . TABLE 1: Changes in Fasting Glucose in Adult Patients Schizophrenia (6-weeks) Bipolar I Disorder (3-weeks) Placebo SAPHRIS Placebo SAPHRIS 5 mg twice daily 10 mg twice daily 5 or 10 mg twice daily § 5 mg twice daily 10 mg twice daily 5 or 10 mg twice daily † Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Glucose at Endpoint Change from Baseline (mg/dL) (N*) -0.2 (232) 3.8 (158) 1.1 (153) 3.2 (377) 0 (174) 4.1 (84) 3.5 (81) 1.7 (321) Proportion of Patients with Shifts from Baseline to Endpoint Normal to High <100 to ≥126 mg/dL 4.1% 4.5% 4.5% 5.0% 2.4% 0% 1.7% 1.8% (n/N**) (7/170) (5/111) (5/111) (13/262) (3/126) (0/53) (1/60) (4/224) Borderline to High ≥100 and <126 to ≥126 mg/dL 5.9% 6.8% 6.3% 10.5% 0% 12.5% 15.8% 12.8% (n/N**) (3/51) (3/44) (2/32) (10/95) (0/39) (3/24) (3/19) (10/78) N* = Number of patients who had assessments at both Baseline and Endpoint. N** = Number of patients at risk at Baseline with assessments at both Baseline and Endpoint. § Includes patients treated with flexible dose of SAPHRIS 5 or 10 mg twice daily (N=90). † Includes patients treated with flexible dose of SAPHRIS 5 or 10 mg twice daily (N=379). In a 52-week, double-blind, comparator-controlled trial that included primarily patients with schizophrenia, the mean increase from baseline of fasting glucose was 2.4 mg/dL. Pediatric Patients: Data from the short-term, placebo-controlled trial in pediatric patients with bipolar I disorder are shown in Table 2 . TABLE 2: Changes in Fasting Glucose in Pediatric Subjects Bipolar I Disorder (3-weeks) Placebo SAPHRIS 2.5 mg twice daily SAPHRIS 5 mg twice daily SAPHRIS 10 mg twice daily Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Glucose at Endpoint Change from Baseline (mg/dL) (N*) -2.24 (56) 1.43 (51) -0.45 (57) 0.34 (52) Proportion of Subjects with Shifts from Baseline to Endpoint Normal…