zortress

Patients receiving Zortress may require dose adjustments based on everolimus blood concentrations achieved, tolerability, individual response, change in concomitant medications and the clinical situation. Optimally, dose adjustments of Zortress should be based on trough concentrations obtained 4 or 5 days after a previous dosing change. Dose adjustment is required if the trough concentration is below 3 ng/mL. The total daily dose of Zortress should be doubled using the available tablet strengths (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, or 1 mg). Dose adjustment is also required if the trough concentration is greater than 8 ng/mL on 2 consecutive measures; the dose of Zortress should be decreased by 0.25 mg twice daily [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Kidney Transplantation : starting oral dose of 0.75 mg twice daily as soon as possible after transplantation ( 2.1 ) Liver Transplantation : starting oral dose of 1 mg twice daily starting 30 days after transplantation ( 2.2 ) Monitor Everolimus Concentrations : Adjust maintenance dose to achieve trough concentrations within the 3 to 8 ng/mL target range using LC/MS/MS assay method ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 ) Administer consistently with or without food at the same time as cyclosporine or tacrolimus ( 2.6 , 12.3 ) Mild Hepatic Impairment : Reduce initial daily dose by one-third ( 2.7 ) Moderate or Severe Hepatic…

Most common adverse reactions were as follows: Kidney Transplantation (incidence greater than or equal to 20%) : peripheral edema, constipation, hypertension, nausea, anemia, urinary tract infection (UTI), and hyperlipidemia ( 6.1 ) Liver Transplantation (incidence greater than 10%) : diarrhea, headache, peripheral edema, hypertension, nausea, pyrexia, abdominal pain, leukopenia, and hypercholesterolemia ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Serious and Otherwise Important Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label. Hypersensitivity Reactions [ see Contraindications (4.1) ] Lymphomas and Other Malignancies [ see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Serious Infections [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Kidney Graft Thrombosis [ see Warnings an d Precautions ( 5.4 ) ] Hepatic Artery Thrombosis [ see Warnings and Precautions (5. 5 ) ] Zortress and Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Nephrotoxicity [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 6 ) ] Heart Transplantation [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Angioedema [ see Warnings and Precautions (5. 8 ) ] Wound Healing and Fluid Accumulation [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 9 ) ] Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious…

Hypersensitivity to everolimus, sirolimus, or to components of the drug product ( 4 ) 4.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions Zortress is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to everolimus, sirolimus, or to components of the drug product.

Reported experience with overdose in humans is very limited. There is a single case of an accidental ingestion of 1.5 mg everolimus in a 2-year-old child where no adverse reactions were observed. Single doses up to 25 mg have been administered to transplant patients with acceptable acute tolerability. Single doses up to 70 mg (without cyclosporine) have been given with acceptable acute tolerability. General supportive measures should be followed in all cases of overdose. Everolimus is not considered dialyzable to any relevant degree (less than 10% of everolimus removed within 6 hours of hemodialysis). In animal studies, everolimus showed a low acute toxic potential. No lethality or severe toxicity was observed after single oral doses of 2000 mg/kg (limit test) in either mice or rats.

U.S. Poison Control: call or text 1-800-222-1222 (free, 24/7). In an emergency call 911. From the FDA label; not medical advice.

Strong-moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, verapamil) and CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin) may affect everolimus concentrations ( 7.1 ). Consider Zortress dose adjustment ( 5.14 ) Therapeutic drug monitoring and dose reduction for Zortress should be considered when Zortress is coadministered with cannabidiol ( 5.22 , 7.13 ) 7.1 Interactions With Strong Inhibitors or Inducers of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein Everolimus is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 in the liver and to some extent in the intestinal wall and is a substrate for the multidrug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Therefore, absorption and subsequent elimination of systemically absorbed everolimus may be influenced by medicinal products that affect CYP3A4 and/or P-gp. Concurrent treatment with strong inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, ritonavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) and inducers (e.g., rifampin, rifabutin) of CYP3A4 is not recommended. Inhibitors of P-gp (e.g., digoxin, cyclosporine) may decrease the efflux of everolimus from intestinal cells and increase everolimus blood concentrations. In vitro , everolimus was a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 and of CYP2D6, potentially increasing the concentrations of medicinal products eliminated by these enzymes. Thus, caution should be exercised when coadministering Zortress with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index [ s ee Dosage and Administration ( 2. 3 ) ] . All in vivo interaction studies were conducted without concomitant cyclosporine. Pharmacokinetic interactions between Zortress and concomitantly administered drugs are discussed below. Drug interaction studies have not been conducted with drugs other than those described below. 7.2 Cyclosporine (CYP3A4/P-gp Inhibitor and CYP3A4 Substrate) The steady-state C max and area under the curve (AUC) estimates of everolimus were significantly increased by coadministration of single dose cyclosporine [ s ee Clinical Pharmaco logy (12. 5 )] . Dose adjustment of Zortress might be needed if the cyclosporine dose is altered [ s ee Dosage and Administration ( 2. 3)] . Zortress had a clinically minor influence on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in transplant patients receiving cyclosporine (Neoral). 7.3 Ketoconazole and Other Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Multiple-dose ketoconazole administration to healthy volunteers significantly increased single dose estimates of everolimus C max , AUC, and half-life. It is recommended that strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, ritonavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) should not be coadministered with Zortress [ s ee Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 1 4 ), Clinical Pharmaco logy (12. 5 )] . 7.4 Erythromycin (Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitor) Multiple-dose erythromycin administration to healthy volunteers significantly increased single dose estimates of everolimus C max , AUC, and half-life. If erythromycin is coadministered, everolimus blood concentrations should be monitored and a dose adjustment made as necessary [ s ee Clinical Pharmaco logy (12. 5 )] . 7.5 Verapamil (CYP3A4 and P-gp Substrate) Multiple-dose verapamil administration to healthy volunteers significantly increased single dose estimates of everolimus C max and AUC. Everolimus half-life was not changed. If verapamil is coadministered, everolimus blood concentrations should be monitored and a dose adjustment made as necessary [ s ee Clinical Pharmaco logy (12. 5 ) ] . 7.6 Atorvastatin (CYP3A4 Substrate) and Pravastatin (P-gp Substrate) Single-dose administration of Zortress with either atorvastatin or pravastatin to healthy subjects did not influence the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, pravastatin and everolimus, as well as total HMG-CoA reductase bioreactivity in plasma to a clinically relevant extent. However, these results cannot be extrapolated to other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Patients should be monitored for the development of rhabdomyolysis and other adverse reactions as described in the respective labeling for these products. 7.7 Simvastatin and Lovastatin Due to an interaction with cyclosporine, clinical studies of Zortress with cyclosporine conducted in kidney transplant patients strongly discouraged patients with receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as simvastatin and lovastatin [ s ee Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 1 )] . 7.8 Rifampin (Strong CYP3A4/P-gp Inducers) Pretreatment of healthy subjects with multiple-dose rifampin followed by a single dose of Zortress increased everolimus clearance and decreased the everolimus C max and AUC estimates. Combination with rifampin is not recommended [ s ee Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 4 ) , Clinical Pharmacology (12. 5 )] . 7.9 Midazolam (CYP3A4/5 Substrate) Single-dose administration of midazolam to healthy volunteers following administration of multiple-dose Zortress indicated that everolimus is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4/5. Dose adjustment of midazolam or other CYP3A4/5 substrates is not necessary when Zortress is coadministered with midazolam or other CYP3A4/5 substrates [ s ee Clinical Pharmacology (12. 5 )] . 7.10 Other Possible Interactions Moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp may increase everolimus blood concentrations (e.g., fluconazole; macrolide antibiotics; nicardipine, diltiazem; nelfinavir, indinavir, amprenavir). Inducers of CYP3A4 may increase the metabolism of everolimus and decrease everolimus blood concentrations (e.g., St. John’s Wort [ Hypericum perforatum ]; anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin; efavirenz, nevirapine). 7.11 Octreotide Coadministration of everolimus and depot octreotide increased octreotide C min by approximately 50%. 7.12 Tacrolimus There is little to no pharmacokinetic interaction of tacrolimus on everolimus, and consequently, dose adjustment of Zortress is not necessary when Zortress is coadministered with tacrolimus. 7.13 Cannabidiol The blood levels of everolimus may increase upon concomitant use with cannabidiol. When cannabidiol and Zortress are coadministered, closely monitor for an increase in everolimus blood levels and for adverse reactions suggestive of everolimus toxicity. A dose reduction of Zortress should be considered as needed when Zortress is coadministered with cannabidiol [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Warnings and Precautions (5.22)] .