Standing in the pharmacy aisle wondering what actually works? Here’s an honest, source-cited rundown of the over-the-counter options for common problems — what each does, how strong the evidence is, the cautions, and the red flags that mean it’s time to see a clinician instead. We cite the FDA, CDC, NHS and MedlinePlus.
General reference, not medical advice. Always read the label, mind interactions with your other medicines, and ask a pharmacist or doctor if you’re unsure — especially if you’re pregnant, treating a child, or have a chronic condition.