glutathione

Glutathione is a small molecule that the body produces naturally. According to MedlinePlus, it works as an antioxidant that shields cells from damage by the reactive, oxygen-containing molecules generated as byproducts of energy production. It is also involved in processing medications and other compounds (including carcinogens) and in building DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Beyond what the body makes on its own, glutathione is also sold as a dietary supplement in oral, topical, and other forms.

Rigorous evidence that glutathione dietary supplements provide health benefits is limited, and no NIH Office of Dietary Supplements or NCCIH fact sheet establishes that they treat or cure any condition. NCCIH notes only that "a form of glutathione, an antioxidant that is found in the brain," is being studied for Parkinson's disease; this is described as ongoing research, not as established or proven treatment. Other marketed uses, such as skin lightening, are not supported by authoritative US government efficacy reviews. Note that the cited MedlinePlus page describes glutathione's natural role in the body, not the effectiveness of supplements.

There is no established recommended dietary intake or standardized supplement dose for glutathione, and the body normally makes its own supply. Because data on safe and effective dosing are limited, talk to a doctor or pharmacist before taking glutathione, especially if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a health condition, or take other medications.

As a dietary supplement, glutathione is not reviewed by the FDA for safety and effectiveness before it is sold, and product quality can vary between brands. Authoritative US government sources do not provide a detailed safety profile for glutathione supplements, so its long-term safety is not well established. Discuss use with a qualified clinician, particularly during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or alongside other treatments.

Authoritative US government sources do not publish a defined list of side effects for glutathione supplements, so its full side-effect profile is not well characterized. As with any supplement, allergic reactions or digestive upset are possible; stop use and seek medical care if you have a reaction. Report any unexpected effects to your healthcare provider.

Interactions between glutathione supplements and medications have not been well documented by authoritative US government sources, so the potential for interactions is not fully known. To avoid problems, tell your doctor and pharmacist about all supplements you take, including glutathione, especially if you use prescription medications, so they can check for possible interactions based on your specific situation.