chondroitin

Chondroitin (commonly sold as chondroitin sulfate) is a substance found naturally in cartilage, the connective tissue that cushions joints and helps cartilage resist compression. In the United States it is marketed as a dietary supplement, taken either on its own or in combination with glucosamine.

The evidence is mixed and any overall benefit remains uncertain. According to NCCIH, studies of chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis pain have produced inconsistent results, and in general the largest, highest-quality studies have not shown an effect; whether it meaningfully changes joint structure is also unclear. Professional guidelines disagree. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline strongly recommends against using chondroitin (alone or with glucosamine) for knee or hip osteoarthritis, while conditionally recommending it for hand osteoarthritis. Other guidelines diverge further, with some bodies recommending against chondroitin and others viewing specific formulations more favorably.

The NCCIH pages reviewed here do not specify a standard dose. Chondroitin sulfate is generally taken by mouth, alone or with glucosamine, following the directions on the product label. Because the evidence of benefit is uncertain and expert guidelines vary, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting chondroitin — particularly about whether it is appropriate for your situation and any medicines you take.

Large studies of chondroitin for osteoarthritis have not identified major safety problems. Information on its safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is limited, so caution is warranted in those situations. As with any supplement, discuss use with a clinician if you have a health condition or take prescription medicines.

Studies have not shown serious side effects from chondroitin. As with many oral supplements, mild digestive complaints are possible; stop use and consult a clinician if you have an unexpected or concerning reaction.

Glucosamine and chondroitin have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding in people taking the anticoagulant (blood-thinning) drug warfarin (Coumadin). If you take warfarin or other blood thinners, talk to your healthcare provider before using chondroitin.