Ampicillin/Ampicillin: uses, dosing, side effects & brands

As with other penicillins, it may be expected that untoward reactions will be essentially limited to sensitivity phenomena. They are more likely to occur in individuals who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to penicillin and in those with a history of allergy, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria. The following adverse reactions have been reported as associated with the use of ampicillin: Infections and Infestations: Clostridioides difficile - associated diarrhea (see WARNINGS section). Gastrointestinal : glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, and diarrhea. These reactions are usually associated with oral dosage forms of the drugs. Hypersensitivity Reactions : Severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), angioedema, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been reported in beta-lactam antibiotics (see WARNINGS ). An erythematous, mildly pruritic, maculopapular skin rash has been reported fairly frequently. The rash, which usually does not develop within the first week of therapy, may cover the entire body including the soles, palms, and oral mucosa. The eruption usually disappears in three to seven days. Other hypersensitivity reactions that have been reported are: skin rash,…

The use of ampicillin is contraindicated in individuals with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to ampicillin or to other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. Ampicillin is also contraindicated in infections caused by penicillinase-producing organisms. Ampicillin is contraindicated in patients with a previous history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with treatment with ampicillin.

When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with ampicillin. Allopurinol : Substantially increased incidence of skin rashes in patients receiving both drugs as compared to patients receiving ampicillin alone. It is not known whether this potentiation of ampicillin rashes is due to allopurinol or the hyperuricemia present in these patients. Bacteriostatic Antibiotics : Chloramphenicol, erythromycins, sulfonamides, or tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal effect of penicillins. This has been demonstrated in vitro; however, the clinical significance of this interaction is not well-documented. Oral Contraceptives : May be less effective and increased breakthrough bleeding may occur. Probenecid : May decrease renal tubular secretion of ampicillin resulting in increased blood levels and/or ampicillin toxicity.